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First, there are two simple axioms: that a particle can represent two states at the same time (superposition), i.e. 1 and 0, and that the information contained by a particle is destroyed the moment it is read. Braid these principles with the exotic phenomenon called entanglement, where two particles yield the same information upon observation even though they may be miles apart, and you get quantum computing and networking.
And here’s the router for it.